Medical Electronics engineers are the one who design devices that solve medical and health-related problems by combining their knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices. Medical Electronics engineers also design devices used in various medical procedures, imaging systems such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and devices for automating insulin injections or controlling body functions. Medical electronic devices include pacemakers, drug-releasing pumps, hearing aids, and diagnostic equipment for measuring, monitoring, and recording body functions such as heartbeat and brain waves.

Classification of Diagnostic Laboratory Equipment: 

Diagnostic equipment includes medical imaging machines, used to aid in diagnosis. Examples are Ultrasound and MRI machines, CT scanner and x-ray machines. Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes. The technique is similar to the echolocation used by bats, whales and dolphins, as well as SONAR used by submarines. In ultrasound, the following events happen:

1. The ultrasound machine transmits high-frequency (1 to 5 megahertz) sound pulses into your body using a probe.

2. The sound waves travel into your body and hit a boundary between tissues (e.g. between fluid and soft tissue, soft tissue and bone).

3. Some of the sound waves get reflected back to the probe, while some travel on further until they reach another boundary and get reflected.

4. The reflected waves are picked up by the probe and relayed to the machine.

5. The machine calculates the distance from the probe to the tissue or organ (boundaries) using the speed of sound in tissue (1,540 m/s) and the time of the each echo's return (usually on the order of millionths of a second).

6. The machine displays the distances and intensities of the echoes on the screen, forming a two dimensional image like the one shown below.



Ultrasound has been used in a variety of clinical settings, including obstetrics and gynecology, cardiology and cancer detection, kidney stones, measuring blood flow through the kidney. A basic ultrasound machine has the following parts:
• transducer probe
• central processing unit (CPU) 
• transducer pulse controls
• display 
• keyboard/cursor 
• disk storage device 
• printer

MRI: 

When you are under the powerful scanner magnets, the protons in your body line up in the same direction, in the same way that a magnet can pull the needle of a compass.
Short bursts of radio waves are then sent to certain areas of the body, knocking the protons out of alignment.
When the radio waves are turned off, the protons realign. This sends out radio signals, which are picked up by receivers.
These signals provide information about the exact location of the protons in the body
An MRI scan can be used to examine almost any part of the body, including the:
• brain and spinal cord
• bones and joints
• breasts
• heart and blood vessels
• internal organs, such as the liver, womb or prostate gland

 Classification of Therapeutic Laboratory Equipment: 

Physical therapy machines are continuous passive range of motion (CPM) machines



Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a therapy in which a machine is used to move a joint without the patient having to exert any effort. A motorized device gently bends the joint back and forth to a set number of degrees, and the amount of movement and speed can be adjusted by the physical therapist. CPM machines are most commonly used on knee joints.




These machines are also used for lower back, elbow & arm, Shoulder movements.

Classification of Clinical Laboratory Equipment:

 Clinical laboratory equipment helps to analyze blood, urine, genes, and dissolved gases in the blood.
Clinical diagnostics instruments are used to detect health and disease state. Some of the key measurements that diagnostic analyzers are used for are:
• Metabolic markers (blood chemistry) such as glucose, urea, and potassium
• Liver function tests
• Heart disease and heart attack indicators
• Thyroid disease markers
• Various blood cell counts and blood cell size
• Viral and microbial infection such as Corona